
Aaron Maxwell
Geospatial Teaching and Research
My research areas of interest include:
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Land cover mapping/land cover change
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Geospatial modeling of environmental variables
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Geospatial probabilistic modeling
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Application of machine learning algorithms
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LiDAR
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Terrain change analysis
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High resolution image analysis
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Object-based image analysis
Collaborators
Research Pursuits





Maps: The maps above highlight a land cover mapping of West Virginia using Landsat 5 TM imagery (pictured above).

Publications
First-Author Peer Reviewed Publications/Journal Articles
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Maxwell, A.E., M.P. Strager, T.A. Warner, C.A. Ramezan, A.N. Morgan, and C.E. Pauley, 2019. Large-area, high spatial resolution land cover mapping using random forests, GEOBIA, and NAIP orthophotography: findings and recommendations, Remote Sensing, 11(12) 1409 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121409.
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Maxwell, A.E., and T.A. Warner, 2019. Is high spatial resolution DEM data necessary for mapping palustrine wetlands?, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 40(1): 118-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1506184.
Maxwell, A.E., T.A. Warner, and F. Fang, 2018. Implementation of machine learning classification in remote sensing: an applied review, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 39(9): 2784-2817. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01431161.2018. 1433343.
Maxwell, A.E., T.A. Warner, Brian C. Vanderbilt, Christopher A. Ramezan, 2017. Land cover classification and feature extraction from National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) orthoimagery: A Review, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 83(11): 737-747. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.83.10.737.
Maxwell, A.E., T.A. Warner, and M.P. Strager, 2016. Predicting palustrine wetland probability using random forest machine learning and digital elevation data-derived terrain variables, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 82(6): 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-1112(16)82038-8.
Maxwell, A.E., and T.A. Warner, 2015. Differentiating mine-reclaimed grasslands from spectrally similar land cover using terrain variables and object-based machine learning classification, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(17): 4384-4410. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1083632.
Maxwell, A.E., T.A. Warner, M.P. Strager, J.F. Conley, and A.L. Sharp, 2015. Assessing machine learning algorithms and image- and LiDAR-derived variables for GEOBIA classification of mining and mine reclamation, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(4): 954-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161. 2014.1001086.
Maxwell, A.E., M.P. Strager, T.A. Warner, N.P. Zégre, and C.B. Yuill, 2014. Comparison of NAIP orthophotography and RapidEye satellite imagery for mapping of mining and mine reclamation, GIScience & Remote Sensing, 51(3): 301-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2014.912874.
Maxwell, A.E., T.A. Warner, M.P. Strager, and M. Pal, 2014. Combining RapidEye satellite imagery and LiDAR for mapping of mining and mine reclamation, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 80(2): 179-189. https://doi. org/10.14358/PERS.80.2.179-189.
Maxwell, A.E., and M.P. Strager, 2013. Assessing landform alterations induced by mountaintop mining, Natural Science, 5(2A): 52A034. 10.4236/ns.2013.52A034.
Maxwell, A.E., M.P. Strager, C.B. Yuill, and J.T. Petty, 2012. Modeling critical forest habitat in the Southern Coal Fields of West Virginia, International Journal of Ecology, Volume 2012, Article ID 182683, 10 pages.
Other Peer Reviewed Publications/Journal Articles
Ramezan, C.A., T.A. Warner, and A.E. Maxwell, 2019. Evaluation of sampling and Cross-validation tuning strategies for regional-scale machine learning classification, Remote Sensing, 11(2), 185 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ rs11020185.
Fang, F., McNeil, B.E., Warner, T.A., and A.E. Maxwell, 2018. Combining high spatial resolution multi-temporal satellite data with leaf-on LiDAR to enhance tree species discrimination at the crown-level, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 39(23): 9054-9072. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1504343.
Liebermann, H., J. Schuler, M.P. Strager, and A. Maxwell, 2018. A work flow and evaluation of using unmanned aerial systems for deriving forest stand characteristics in mixed hardwoods of West Virginia, Geospatial Applications in Natural Resources, 2(1): 23-53.
Strager, M.S., M. Thomas-Van Gundy, A.E. Maxwell, 2016. Predicting post-fire change in the Central Appalachians from remotely-sensed data, Geospatial Applications in Natural Resources, 1(2): 1-17.
Merriam, E.R., J.T. Petty, M.P. Strager, A.E. Maxwell, and P.F. Ziemkiewicz, 2015. Complex contaminant mixtures in multi-stressor Appalachian riverscapes, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34(11): 2603-2610.
Merriam, E.R., J.T. Petty, M.P. Strager, A.E. Maxwell, and P.F. Ziemkiewicz, 2015. Landscape-based cumulative effects models for predicting stream response to mountaintop mining in multi-stressor Appalachian watersheds, Freshwater Science, 34(3): 1006-1019.
Strager, M.P., J.M. Strager, J.S. Evans, J.K. Dunscomb, B.J. Kreps, and A.E. Maxwell, 2015. Combining a spatial model and demand forecasts to map future surface coal mining in Appalachia, PLoS ONE, 10(6): e0128813. 10.1371/journal.pone.0128813.
Zégre, N., A. Miller, A. Maxwell, and S. Lamont, 2014. Multi-scale analysis of hydrology in a mountaintop mine-impacted watershed, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, doi: 10.1111/jawr.12184.
Merriam, E.R., J.T. Petty, M.P. Strager, A.E. Maxwell, and P.F. Ziemkiewicz, 2013. Scenario analysis predicts context-dependent stream response to landuse change in a heavily mined central Appalachian watershed, Freshwater Science, 32(4): 1246-1259.
Pal, M., A.E. Maxwell, and T.A. Warner, 2013. Kernel-based extreme learning machine for remote-sensing image classification, Remote Sensing Letters, 4(9): 853-862. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2013.805279.
Zégre, N., A. Maxwell, and S. Lamont, 2013. Characterizing streamflow response of a mountaintop-mined watershed to changing land use, Applied Geography, 39: 5-15.
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Conference Oral Presentations/Paper in Proceedings
Maxwell, A.E., 2018. Producing an ArcGIS Pro Lab Manual for Undergraduates: Lessons, Learned, ESRI 2018 Education Summit, 7 July – 10 July, San Diego California. (A Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., 2018. Using the Free and Open-Source Software R as a GIS, 2018 WV GIS Conference, 11 June – 14 June, Charleston, West Virginia. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., and T.A. Warner, 2017. NAIP Orthophotography for Land Cover Mapping Tasks: A Review with Recommendations, PECORA 20, 14 Nov. – 16 Nov., Sioux Falls, South Dakota. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., 2016. Teaching, hands-on learning, and research: why make distinctions?, 2016 Appalachian College Association Annual Summit, 29 Sept. – 1 Oct., Kingsport, Tennessee. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., T.A. Warner, and M.P. Strager, 2016. Predicting palustrine wetland probability using random forest machine learning and digital elevation data-derived terrain variables, 2016 West Virginia GIS Conference, 3-6 May, Morgantown, West Virginia. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., 2016. Water scarcity: A discussion of California’s water issues and what we can learn from them, Dr. Unger Lecture Series (Alderson Broaddus University), 1 April, Philippi, WV. (As Presenter)
PhD Dissertation: Remote Sensing for Monitoring the Mountaintop Mining Landscape: Applications for Land Cover Mapping at the Individual Mine Complex Scale (August 2012 – August 2015)
Maxwell, A.E., 2014. The Anthropocene: Is man writing the current chapter of geologic time?. Dr. Unger Lecture Series (Alderson Broaddus University), 26 September, Philippi, WV. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A., M. Strager, T. Warner, C. Yuill, and N. Zégre, 2014. Mapping of mining and mine reclamation: A comparison of NAIP orthophotography and RapidEye satellite imagery, ASPRS 2014 Annual Conference, 23-28 March, Louisville, KY. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., 2013. Imagery as a scientific tool. Dr. Unger Lecture Series (Alderson Broaddus University), 27 September, Philippi, WV. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., 2014. Researchers develop an effective approach to forest cover analysis, The Forestry Source, 19(2): 13. (Reprint of previous trade publication)
Strager, M.P., A.E. Maxwell, J.T. Petty, and P. Ziemkiewicz, 2013. A value of information study examining the effectiveness of spatial datasets for modeling landscape to water quality relationships, Symposium: Environmental Considerations in Energy Production, 14-18 April, Charleston, WV. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., 2012. Researchers develop an effective approach to forest cover analysis, ESRI News for Forestry, 2013(Spring): 6-7. (Trade Publication)
Zégre, N., A. Maxwell, and S. Lamont. Characterizing streamflow response of a mountaintop-mined watershed: Impacts on annual hydrology at the basin-scale. 2012 West Virginia Water Research Conference, October 30-31, 2012, Waterfront Place Hotel, Morgantown, WV. (As Listed Author)
Zégre, N. A. Maxwell, S. Lamont. Characterizing streamflow response of a mountaintop mined watershed to changing landuse and climate, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 3-7, 2012. (As Listed Author)
Maxwell, A.E., M. Strager, C. Yuill, E. Austin, and W. Kordek. Creation of a high resolution land cover and forest cover for West Virginia relative to 2011 NAIP orthophotography, 2012 West Virginia GIS Conference, 8-11 May, Morgantown, West Virginia. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., E. Austin, M. Strager, C. Yuill, and A. Riley. Landform alterations induced by mountaintop mining: A case study in the Coal River Watershed, 2012 West Virginia GIS Conference, 8-11 May, Morgantown, West Virginia. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., A. Riley, and P. Kinder, 2012. Comparison of LiDAR-derived data and high resolution true color imagery for extraction urban forest cover, 18th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, 26-28 March, Morgantown, West Virginia. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., M.P. Strager, C. Yuill, J.T. Petty, E. Merriam, and C. Mazzarella, 2011. Disturbance mapping and landscape modeling of mountaintop mining using ArcGIS, Proceedings of the International ESRI User Conference Proceedings, 11-15 July, San Diego, California (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California), unpaginated CD-ROM. (As Presenter)
Maxwell, A.E., and J.S. Kite., 2010. Analysis of LiDAR Point Data and Derived Elevation Models for Mapping and Characterizing Bouldery and Blocky Landforms in the Forested Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia, 2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting, 31 October – 3 November, Denver, Colorado, GSA Abstracts Vol. 42, No. 5. (As Listed Author)
MS Thesis: Analysis of LiDAR Point Data and Derived Elevation Models for Mapping and Characterizing Bouldery Landforms (December 2008 – June 2010)
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Conference Posters
“Forest Type Mapping in the Monongahela National Forest” presented at the 2016 West Virginia GIS Conference.
“High Spatial Resolution Land Cover Classification in Preston County, WV Using GEOBIA, Machine Learning, NAIP Orthophotography, LiDAR, and Ancillary GIS Data” presented at the 2016 West Virginia GIS Conference.
“Enhanced Wetland Detection using Feature Extraction, Topographic Derivatives, and Maxent Probabilistic Modeling” presented at the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) Mid-Atlantic Annual Conference 2011.​